There are predisposing conditions for obstructive sleep apnea. Some of them are as shown in the following table commonly reported.
Predisposing Conditions to Obstructive Sleep Apnea
| Condition | Example |
|---|---|
| Obesity | Adult Obesity |
| Age | More than 50 Years |
| Gender | Male |
| Neck Circumference | More than 40 cm |
| Nasal Obstruction | As in Septal Deviation |
| Pharyngeal Obstruction | Tonsillar and Adenoidal Hypertrophy |
| Larygeal Obstruction | Laryngomalacia, Tracheomalacia |
| Craniofacial Abnormalities | Down's, Micrognathia, Achondroplasia, Acromegaly, Macroglossia |
| Endocrine and Metabolic Causes | Hypothyroidism, Cushing's Disease |
| Neuromuscular Disorders | Stroke, Cerebral Palsy, Head Injury, Poliomyelitis, Myotonic Dystrophy Marfan's |
| Connective Tissue Disorders Genetic Predisposition Alcohol, Sedatives and Smoking Medications and Anesthesia | Benzodiazepines, Anesthetics and Narcotics |
Comorbidites Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
| Category | Condition | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac | Treatment-Resistant Hypertension Congestive Heart Failure Ischemic Heart Disease Atrial Fibrillation Dysrhythmias |
63-83 76 38 49 58 |
| Respiratory | Asthma Pulmonary Hypertension |
18 77 |
| Neurologic | First-Ever Stroke | 71-90 |
| Metabolic | Type II Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Syndrome Hypothyroidism Morbid Obesity |
36 50 45 50-90 |
| Surgical | Bariatric Surgery Intracranial Tumor Surgery Epilepsy Surgery |
71 64 33 |
| Others | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Nocturia Alcoholism Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Head and Neck Cancer |
60 48 17 20 76 |